U.S. commercial banks and savings institutions

Commercial banks on legal statute is divided into: a) national, and b) staff. The first function in accordance with federal laws and mandatory part of the Federal Reserve as the member banks, the latter operate in accordance with the laws of individual states and optionally includes or does not belong to the Fed.
 Of all commercial banks stood out some of the largest banks, whose resources are increasing faster than the amount of resources from other banks. In turn, the largest commercial banks stood out a handful of giant banks - "Bank of America," "First neyshnl City Bank of New York", "Chase Manhattan Bank", "Menyufekchurers Hanover Trust to °», «Morgan Guaranty Trust KV» . These banks are either led by the powerful financial-industrial groups, or playing a major role. They are, in fact, bank holding companies formed by the merger of large banks.

 At the end of 1994 there were 40.9 thousand commercial banks with total assets of 4313 billion dollars and 9.3 thousand staff of banks - members of the Fed and 24.5 thousand full-time banks outside the Fed.
 In the resources of commercial banks' own capital of the United States occupy a small portion - up to 7.4%, the lion's share accounts for deposits, among which 44% - this demand deposits and 56% - term deposits.
 The active operations of commercial banks are in the overwhelming majority of the loans (in 1995 from the total assets in loans accounted for 56%). Less space is occupied investment, and they largely consist of investments in government securities, primarily in the federal.
 It should be borne in mind that the banking act of 1933 forbade commercial banks to purchase shares of industrial and commercial companies. However, this does not mean the elimination of matching banks to industrial companies. A typical form of such a splice is an occurrence of the largest banks and industrial companies in the same financial-industrial groups. The close connection of large commercial banks with industry are carried out through long-term loans. Approximately 3/4 the total amount of "commercial and industrial loans" accounted for the large commercial banks, and among these loans play an important role in the loan term exceeding one year, part of which is available on the long term - 8-10 years - and is a typical form of matching banks with industrial and commercial companies.
 Important role in the merger of major U.S. banks with industry and other companies are trust operations. Commercial banks are denied the right to buy shares of industrial and commercial companies at their own expense, but they have the right to manage the assets of these companies to their customers the power of attorney, the latter often rely on the banks the right to vote at general meetings of shareholders. In fact, it is - a form of circumvention ban commercial banks to own shares in companies.
In the U.S., savings institutions are savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks and credit unions. Thrift institution - a financial lending institution, attracting funds of population in the form of savings deposits on which interest is paid.
 The main feature of U.S. thrifts in the market is the specialization of people's savings, service-oriented massive contingent of people with low and middle income countries. Deposits in this category of investors form the basis for liability savings system. Thrift is a special case of the banking market segment of the U.S., whose boundaries are strictly defined by government regulation.